ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) is a disorder that affects a person’s ability to pay attention and control impulsive behaviour. As the name implies, the symptoms of ADHD are organised into two categories; inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.
Note: Everyone will occasionally experience symptoms similar to those of ADHD. We all forget things, and sometimes work is just plain boring. That’s normal. When a professional diagnoses ADHD, they must also consider the intensity, frequency, and consequences of symptoms.
During childhood, ADHD can be misinterpreted as intentionally ‘bad’ behaviour. Children with ADHD struggle to pay attention during school, and they frequently get in trouble for talking or getting out of their chairs. There are times when peers become frustrated by these behaviours, which can lead to isolation.
During adulthood, ADHD can damage careers, relationships, and self-esteem. Inattention symptoms can lead to forgotten responsibilities, poor organisation, and difficulty completing tasks. Hyperactivity symptoms manifest as thrill seeking, a high need for stimulation, and impulsive decision making.
Some people incorrectly believe that ADHD is made up to serve as an excuse for poor behaviour. However, we know that ADHD has a very real biological basis. For example, people with ADHD have structural differences in their brains, most notably in an area that’s responsible for impulse control.
We also know that genetics play a role: a person is much more likely to develop ADHD if their parents have the disorder. Some environmental factors also play a role, but to a lesser extent than heredity.
Although there is no cure for ADHD, both children and adults can learn to manage their symptoms with medication and psychotherapy.
Therapy for ADHD typically focuses on identifying strengths and weaknesses, skill building, and education about ways to reduce the intensity of symptoms. It can be invaluable to work with a therapist to learn personalised coping strategies.
Although medication cannot cure ADHD, an effective treatment can help both children and adults with symptom management. The most common medications for ADHD are stimulants.
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